Political debate is a crucial part of democracy that offers voters an opportunity to hear from candidates in a nonpartisan civic education forum. In the United States, presidential and congressional debates allow politicians to address voters’ questions on a range of issues, define their visions and platforms, and defend their positions and records. Unlike paid media, which presents candidates to voters in the image and tone they choose, and individual voter engagement experiences like door-to-door canvassing and telephone calls, political debates provide an opportunity for candid conversations about important ideas.

Healthy political discourse is constructive. It recognizes that most policy-making involves trade-offs between different interests, priorities and values. It values evidence and seeks to make decisions that serve the public interest over time. It is respectful of others and respects key rules and institutions. Disrespectful discourse, including vitriol and attacks on the motives of opponents, discourages good people from seeking elected office.

In the face of heightened political polarization, many people question whether political debates still matter. They’re frustrated by the partisan nature of most campaigns, which often leave them feeling alienated from one another. And they’re increasingly frustrated by the fact that even when the truth is revealed, they’re left feeling mistreated and disrespected by politicians and other figures who disregard the importance of honest discussion.

But the Constitution Unit argues that debates matter – and can be made more useful if they embrace three basic principles. First, they must be focused on addressing citizens’ questions about the candidates and their policies. Second, they should be conducted under clear and consistent rules that offer equal opportunity to participate for both candidates and moderators. And third, they should be accessible to the widest possible audience.